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A Typical Non-Electric Delay Detonator
The Non-Electric Detonator is a small diameter metal shell containing three (3) basic components:
- Delay Element
- Initiating Charge
- Base Charge
The Delay Element is a pyrotechnic explosives train that consists of delay compositions that enable the Non-Electric Detonator system to achieve a delay in firing times ranging from milliseconds to seconds after initiation from the shock tube. The pyrotechnic compositions in the delay element are mixtures of fuels such as Silicon Powder, Selenium or Antimony Trisulphide and oxidizers such as red lead oxide, lead oxide, barium chromate, led chromate or titanium dioxide.
The Initiating Charge, known as the “first fire” , contains primary explosives, such as lead azide (ASA), nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN) or Diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) PETN or a combination of explosives. The initiation charge generally weighs in the range of 160 milligrams.
The Base Charge, known as the “second fire” also contains primary explosives such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) or cyclonite (RDX) and Detonators are used to initiate explosives for example in mines, in connection with constructions and in quarries and exist of several different kinds and both with and without delay. The base charge generally weighs in the range of 1,000 milligrams.
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High-speed photograph of a functioning detonator